Proper nutrition for diabetes mellitus for every day

what you can and can't eat with diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system associated with a lack of insulin in the body.

As a result, the content of glucose in the blood increases, which leads to metabolic disorders and gradual damage to almost all functional systems in the human body. The disease is divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Today, nutritional and nutritional issues in diabetes mellitus of any kind are an extremely serious topic that every patient raises after being diagnosed with the disease.

In general, a proper diet for diabetes should be monitored every day, because without a diet, a person's health will deteriorate.

Tips for lowering blood sugar

Diet is essential for people with all types of diabetes, but dietary recommendations differ for type I and type II diabetes. In the latter case, reducing overweight with food may be the only therapeutic measure.

The type of diabetes mellitus is determined by the endocrinologist who treats you.

  1. In type 1 diabetes: proper nutrition is a necessary basis for insulin therapy. If you do not pay attention to this, all efforts to reduce blood sugar will be in vain: this indicator does not stabilize, and this affects the condition of blood vessels of all organs and systems.
  2. Type 2 diabetes: You don't always need medication. First, the patient is recommended a diet that will help reduce weight. With good dynamics, medication may not be needed in this case.

General tips for lowering blood sugar:

  1. Reduce your intake of soft drinks, lemonade and juices. Regular consumption of sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing diabetes by about 15%. When drinking tea and coffee, reduce the amount of cream and sweeteners.
  2. Try choosing unsweetened foods like unsweetened iced tea, yogurt or unsweetened oatmeal. You can sweeten the food to your liking. You will most likely add a lot less sugar to your food than the manufacturer.
  3. Replace your favorite sweets with healthier foods. Instead of ice cream, freeze frozen bananas and beat the mixture with a mixer for a great dessert. Instead of your favorite milk chocolate, it is better to eat a piece of dark chocolate.

It is especially important to follow a diet for mild diabetes, as it is practically the main treatment.

Differences in diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

the need to follow a diet for diabetes

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require a low-calorie diet (25-30 kcal per 1 kg of body weight), which prevents late complications of the disease. In this case, diet is extremely important, it must be strictly adhered to. The main thing to pay attention to when compiling a diet is the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Patients with type 2 diabetes are prescribed a subcaloric diet (daily energy value of food is 1600-1800 kcal). On such a diet, patients should lose about 300-400 g of body weight per week. In the presence of severe overweight, the daily amount of calories is reduced according to the percentage of overweight to 15-17 kcal per 1 kg.

Basics of nutrition

In each individual case, the doctor prescribes a special diet for a patient with diabetes mellitus, which must be followed in order to maintain the body in a normal state.

When you start eating well, follow these simple rules every day:

  1. It is necessary to take food 5-6 times in small meals (every 2-3 hours) during the day.
  2. The ratio of protein, carbohydrates and fats should be balanced.
  3. The amount of calories received from food should be equal to the patient's energy expenditure.
  4. A person should get proper nutrition: certain vegetables and fruits, cereals, dietary meat and fish, natural juices without added sugar, dairy products, soups.

The food of patients with diabetes should be rich in vitamins, so it is useful to introduce vitamin carriers in the diet: baking yeast, brewer's yeast, bar decoction, SPP, food supplements.

Dietary rules for diabetes mellitus for every day

The following foods can be eaten with diabetes:

  1. Bread - up to 200 grams per day, mostly black or special diabetic.
  2. Cook soups in vegetable soup, the use of weak meat and fish soup is allowed 1-2 times a week.
  3. Meat and poultry dishes. In diabetes mellitus, it is allowed to eat boiled beef, chicken and rabbit meat.
  4. Vegetables and herbs. It is recommended to consume potatoes, beets, carrots no more than 200 grams per day. But other vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, radishes, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes) and greens (except spices) can be eaten raw and cooked without restrictions, and occasionally baked.
  5. Cereals, legumes and pasta should not be eaten often. If you decide to eat a plate of spaghetti, refuse bread and other carbohydrate foods and meals that day.
  6. nutritional properties in diabetes mellitus
  7. Eggs can be eaten up to 2 pieces a day, adding to other dishes, boiled soft-boiled or as an omelet.
  8. Fruits and berries of sour and sweet-sour varieties (Antonovka apples, oranges, lemons, cranberries, red currants . . . ) - up to 200-300 grams per day.
  9. Milk - with a doctor's permission, kefir, yogurt (only 1-2 glasses a day), cottage cheese (50-200 grams per day) in natural form or in the form of cottage cheese, cheesecake and pudding.
  10. Fresh cheese is recommended to eat daily, up to 100-200 grams per day in natural form or in the form of cottage cheese, cheese, pudding, casserole. Fresh cheese, as well as oatmeal and buckwheat porridge, bran, pomegranate improve fat metabolism and normalize liver function, prevent fatty changes in the liver.
  11. Tea with milk, weak coffee, tomato juice, fruit and berry juices (total liquid with soup up to 5 cups a day).

Carefully plan your menu each day and use only foods that are healthy and necessary in your case.

Prohibited Products

The diet of patients with diabetes should be considered, first of all, people who have been diagnosed with this disease should refuse such products:

  1. Confectionery, chocolate, confectionery, bakery products, jam, honey, ice cream and other sweets;
  2. Spicy, spicy, salty and smoked snacks and dishes, lamb and lard;
  3. paprika, mustard;
  4. Alcoholic beverages;
  5. Grapes, bananas, raisins;
  6. Sugar is allowed only in small quantities with a doctor's permission.

All foods for diabetes should be eaten according to schedule, and for blood glucose control the daily menu should contain fiber.

Example menu for the day

When you follow a diet with type 2 diabetes, you can follow a simple menu, changing the allowed foods.

Example # 1

  1. Breakfast - oatmeal, egg. Bread. Coffee.
  2. Snack - natural yogurt with berries.
  3. Lunch - vegetable soup, chicken breast with salad (beetroot, onion and olive oil) and stewed cabbage. Bread. Compote.
  4. Afternoon snack - low-fat cottage cheese. Tea.
  5. Dinner - hake baked in sour cream, vegetable salad (cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs or any other seasonal vegetables) with vegetable oil. Bread. Cocoa.
  6. Second dinner (a few hours before bed) - natural yogurt, baked apple.

Example # 2

  1. Breakfast: cottage cheese 150 gr, buckwheat or oatmeal 150 gr, black bread, unsweetened tea.
  2. Second breakfast: unsweetened compote 250 ml.
  3. Lunch: chicken soup 250 g, cooked lean meat 75 g, stewed cabbage - 100 g, jelly without sugar - 100 g, bread, mineral water 250 ml.
  4. Afternoon snack - apple 1 pc.
  5. Dinner: stewed vegetables 150 gr, meatballs 100 gr, cabbage steak - 200 gr, bread, unsweetened pomegranate soup.
  6. Second dinner: drinking yogurt - 250 ml.

Example # 3

  1. Breakfast: carrot and apple salad - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese with milk - 150 g Bread with bran - 50 g Tea without sugar - 1 cup. Second breakfast: mineral water - 1 cup, apple.
  2. Lunch: vegetable soup with soy - 200 g, meat stew - 150 g, vegetable caviar - 50 g. Rye bread - 50 g. Xylitol tea - 1 cup.
  3. Afternoon snack: fruit salad - 100 g. Sugar-free tea - 1 cup.
  4. Dinner: fish steak - 150 g, millet porridge - 150 g. Bread with bran - 50 g Tea without sugar - 1 cup. Second dinner: kefir - 1 cup.

Remember:a patient with diabetes should not be hungry. You should eat at the same time, but if there is a slight hunger between main meals, you should definitely quench it with a cup of tea or vegetables. But it should only be a light snack - overeating is dangerous for diabetics.