Pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes inflamed. It plays a huge role in the digestive system - it regulates energy metabolism, synthesizes digestive juices and is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates.
Enzymes first enter the stomach and then the duodenum, where they begin to activate. If the pancreas is inflamed, the enzymes begin to “work” at an early stage - that is, even before excretion. Damage occurs - the gland begins to digest itself, causing the death of some pancreatic cells.
Pancreatitis can be caused by:
- infectious diseases not related to the digestive system - for example, seasonal ARVI;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- unhealthy diet;
- stress;
- alcohol abuse.
Pancreatitis can develop in several forms - acute, reactive and chronic. In the acute pancreas can be inflamed in whole or in part, reactive develops against the background of diseases of the digestive system - ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, bile or liver.
The chronic form can be in remission for a long time, and most often the disease progresses slowly. In most cases, inflammation recurs when the diet is disturbed.
The nature of the diet in pancreatitis plays a huge role - it is impossible to prevent deterioration without following a special diet. What are these diets and what are the principles of the menu for pancreatitis?
Dietary principles for pancreatitis
The main principle, which is set in the composition of the diet, in which the work of the pancreas is normalized, is the least possible load on the digestive organs.
For adults during exacerbations doctors give the following recommendations - "hunger, cold and rest". If the patient is in the hospital, and the pancreatitis is in the acute phase, it is advised to refuse food for 2-3 days, and the useful substances - salts and liquid - enter the body drop by drop. If you are starving at home, then it is impossible to fully ensure the speed of balance of water and electrolytes. You should and can drink, but only in small meals.
Even adults need to replenish their nutrient supplies. Specially designed diets come to the rescue. The most proven of these is Table 5.
Principles of this diet:
- create the most gentle conditions for the stomach and intestines - using mechanical and chemical unloading;
- eliminate pancreatic dysfunction;
- to prevent negative changes in liver tissue - fatty infiltration;
- reduce gallbladder stimulation.
The child should be followed not only during the treatment of the disease, but also for the next year after being brought into remission.
The main properties of the diet in the treatment of pancreatitis:
- In the daily menu, you should limit the number of products that contain substances with an extractive effect - stimulating the production of pancreatic enzymes:
- refractory greases; purines;
- essential oils;
- cholesterol; coarse fibers;
- glucose.
- Diet - food with a high protein content, reduces the amount of carbohydrates and fats.
- Cooking technology - cooking, steaming dishes, baking in foil, stewing.
- Food fractional - up to 6 times a day, in small meals. You need to get up from the table with a mild feeling of malnutrition, so as not to overload the pancreas.
- For the first time after deterioration, you can only eat pureed food.
- Spices - including salt - will have to be temporarily abandoned;
- You should not eat hot or cold food, the food should be heated to approximately body temperature of 36 ° C.
Restricted drinking regime. You can drink as much as you want only when the urge to vomit has completely receded.
Don't be afraid of dietary restrictions in the first days after the attack - fasting during treatment is only useful.
Diet menu for pancreatitis
When compiling a menu for a few days with worsening pancreatitis, you must immediately take into account its features - the products must be rubbed. For example, if the meat is souffle or meatballs, mashed potatoes and so on. . .
The menus consist of the following products - an approximate list of them:
- baby food - you can also use what is packaged in jars and powder, which is later diluted with liquid;
- mashed cauliflower or white cabbage potatoes;
- pureed cottage cheese.
Nutrient content in the daily menu - fat - 50-70 g, protein - 130-150 g, carbohydrates - 300-320 g.
Approximately 2-4 days after the worsening, the nausea disappears and the amount of fluid in the body must return. It is necessary to drink about 1. 5 liters of water a day, in small sips, per glass every 6 hours. "Heavier" meals are introduced into the diet gradually, after removing the pain, one name for each meal.
From now on - around the 4th day - the menu includes the following dishes and products:
- kefir - only lean;
- chicken breast soup;
- protein omelet;
- non-acidic berry juices, diluted with half water;
- rosehip decoction;
- up to about 30 g of honey per day;
- dried wholemeal bread; unsweetened crackers or biscuits;
- cooked pasta - you cannot use pasta or curls, preference should be given to small vermicelli;
- porridge is rubbed through a sieve, with pancreatitis you can cook them from buckwheat, oatmeal (some nutritionists allow eating semolina, but it must be cooked completely so as not to swell in the stomach).
You can eat the following foods:
- lean meat - chicken breast, beef, rabbit meat;
- fish - cooked, but meat, fish soup and other soups can only be used in fish soup;
- fruit - baked or blanched;
- meat soup - secondary;
- mashed vegetables - broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin.
The nature of the diet in pancreatitis depends on the general condition of the patient.
How dietary patterns change in pancreatitis
The approximate diet menu in the first days after exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis looks like this:
1 day:
- breakfast - half a portion of slimy oatmeal and half a glass of non-carbonated mineral water;
- snack - baked apple without peel and sugar;
- lunch - mashed potatoes - also half a portion - with milk, without spices;
- afternoon snack - jelly and toast from flour;
- dinner - buckwheat porridge with weak tea, bleached milk;
- before bed - a little milk diluted with water.
Day 2:
- breakfast - steamed protein omelette, chamomile soup;
- snack - baked pear;
- lunch - pearl barley soup, grated on water, croutons with compote;
- afternoon tea - milk souffle;
- dinner - semolina porridge, pureed dried fruit, weak tea;
- going to bed - half a glass of rosehip soup.
Next, the diet may be slightly weakened - if the condition returns to normal:
- breakfast - oatmeal with dried fruit, preferably with raisins, rosehip soup;
- snack - raw banana;
- lunch - steamed fish with carrot puree, dried fruit compote;
- afternoon tea - fresh cheese spiced with honey;
- dinner - milk rice porridge with weak tea;
- before bed - half a glass of diluted milk.
The diet for chronic pancreatitis, when the condition normalizes, may look like this - an example of a daily menu:
- breakfast - mashed vegetables, a piece of meat souffle, juice diluted with water, weak tea;
- snack - protein omelet, steamed chicken breast cutlet, a piece of dried bread, kefir;
- lunch - small noodles in chicken breast soup, boiled vegetables with a piece of steamed fish, bread, dried fruit compote;
- afternoon tea - crackers with sweet berry jelly, maybe a little honey;
- dinner - steamed meatballs, rice porridge (or mashed potatoes), stewed vegetables, tea.
If you feel hungry before going to bed, you can eat crackers, sweet fruit, drink a glass of kefir.
A well-designed menu in the treatment of pancreatitis will help bring the disease into remission quickly. The diet should be followed for a year after the last deterioration.